Swiftda Ternary Conditional Operator

Ternary operator ba'zi hollarda if...else konstruktsiyasini qisqa shaklda yozish uchun ishlatiladi.

Ternary operatorni o'rganishdan oldin, Swiftdagi if...else operatori bilan tanish bo'lish tavsiya etiladi.

Ternary operator nima?

Ternary operator berilgan shartni tekshiradi va shu shartga qarab ikki ifodadan birini bajaradi.

Sintaksisi:

condition ? expression1 : expression2

Bu yerda:

agar condition true bo'lsa → expression1 bajariladi
agar condition false bo'lsa → expression2 bajariladi

"Ternary" so'zi operatorning 3 ta operand qabul qilganidan kelib chiqqan.

Misol:

Swift•

Ternary operator misoli

// pass yoki fail tekshiruvchi dastur
let marks = 60
let result = (marks >= 40) ? "pass" : "fail"
print("You " + result + " the exam")

Bu yerda:

(marks >= 40) ? "pass" : "fail"

agar marks >= 40 → "pass"
aks holda → "fail"

Ternary operatorni if...else o'rnida ishlatish

Quyidagi kodni ko'rib chiqing:

Swift•

if...else misoli

let num = 15
var result = ""

if (num > 0) {
   result = "Positive Number"
}
else {
   result = "Negative Number"
}

print(result)

Uni ternary operator yordamida bitta qatorda yozish mumkin:

Swift•

Ternary operator bilan

let num = 15
let result = (num > 0) ? "Positive Number" : "Negative Number"
print(result)

Ternary operator kodni ancha ixcham va o'qilishi oson qiladi.

Ichma-ich ternary operator (Nested ternary)

Ternary operator ichiga yana ternary operator joylash mumkin. Bunday holat nested ternary deyiladi.

Swift•

Nested ternary operator

// son musbat, nol yoki manfiyligini aniqlash
let num = 7
let result = (num == 0) 
  ? "Zero" 
  : ((num > 0) ? "Positive" : "Negative")
print("The number is \(result).")

Bu yerda:

birinchi shart: num == 0
agar false bo'lsa → ichki ternary operator ishlaydi:
- (num > 0) ? "Positive" : "Negative"

Nested ternary operator kodni murakkablashtirishi mumkin, shuning uchun faqat zarur bo'lgan holatlarda qo'llash tavsiya etiladi.

📚 Masalalarni qanday yechish kerak?

✅ Namuna: 1-masala yechimi

Masala: Ternary operator yordamida: son musbat bo'lsa 'Positive', aks holda 'Negative' qaytaring.

Bosqichma-bosqich yechim:

1-qadam: Masalani tushunish

Bizga n soni beriladi:

Agar n > 0 bo'lsa → "Positive" qaytaramiz
Aks holda → "Negative" qaytaramiz

2-qadam: Starter kodni ko'rish

func solve(_ n: Int) -> String {
    // Ternary operator ishlating
    // n > 0 ? "Positive" : "Negative"
    return ""
}

3-qadam: Ternary operator sintaksisi

condition ? expression1 : expression2

Bizning holatda:

condition = n > 0
expression1 = "Positive" (true bo'lganda)
expression2 = "Negative" (false bo'lganda)

4-qadam: Yechimni yozish

Swift•

1-masala yechimi

func solve(_ n: Int) -> String {
  return n > 0 ? "Positive" : "Negative"
}

// Tekshirish
print(solve(5))    // Positive
print(solve(-3))   // Negative
print(solve(100))  // Positive
print(solve(-1))   // Negative

Natija: Barcha testlar o'tadi ✅

Izoh:

n > 0 — shart (true yoki false qaytaradi)
? — agar true bo'lsa, keyingi qiymatni ol
"Positive" — true bo'lganda qaytariladigan qiymat
: — agar false bo'lsa, keyingi qiymatni ol
"Negative" — false bo'lganda qaytariladigan qiymat

Eslatma: Bu masalada n = 0 ham "Negative" deb hisoblanadi, chunki 0 > 0 false.

Xulosa

Ternary operator: condition ? value1 : value2
if...else ni qisqa yozish usuli
3 ta operand qabul qiladi (shuning uchun "ternary")
Nested ternary — ternary ichida ternary (murakkablashtiradi)
Oddiy shartlar uchun juda qulay

Keyingi mavzuda Bitwise operatorlar ni o'rganamiz.